hts-figure-superconductors-81.html
Procedings
82 / 88
80 e n e r g y + p r o c e e d i n g s page 115 of 122
figure
4. the improvement and actual state of selected 1g- and 2g-
hts
over time.
figure
5 shows the expected development of conductor prices for both types of
hts
. so for now, 1g-
hts
are the working horse for current applications, but in the future 2g-
hts
may promote (even more) applications to get economically viable in a shorter time. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1.000 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 year s p e c ific w ire p ric e (e u r /k a m ) (ic @ 7 7 k ) e
hts
- 1g insulated e
hts
- 1g bare amsc (usa) - 1g insulated sumitomo (jp) - 1g wire insulated amsc - 2g bare 1g trend 2g forecast amsc 2g estimation sag superpower-2g bare superpower- 2g insulated update 2008/09 by siemens ct 1g wire 2g wire short length offer short length offer
figure
.4..the.improvement.and.actual.state.of.selected.1g-.and. 2g-
hts
.over.time.
figure
5 shows the expected development of conduc- tor prices for both types of
hts
. so for now, 1g-
hts
are the working horse for current applica- tions, but in the future 2g-
hts
may promote (even more) applications to get economically viable in a shorter time. page 115 of 122
figure
4. the improvement and actual state of selected 1g- and 2g-
hts
over time.
figure
5 shows the expected development of conductor prices for both types of
hts
. so for now, 1g-
hts
are the working horse for current applications, but in the future 2g-
hts
may promote (even more) applications to get economically viable in a shorter time. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1.000 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 year s p e c ific w ire p ric e (e u r /k a m ) (ic @ 7 7 k ) e
hts
- 1g insulated e
hts
- 1g bare amsc (usa) - 1g insulated sumitomo (jp) - 1g wire insulated amsc - 2g bare 1g trend 2g forecast amsc 2g estimation sag superpower-2g bare superpower- 2g insulated update 2008/09 by siemens ct 1g wire 2g wire short length offer short length offer
figure
.5..conductor.prices.for.1g-
hts
.and.2g-
hts
.over.time..a. cross-over.may.be.expected.in.2012. examples of
hts
applications power transmission line (
ptl
) (epri 2005; lindsay 2004; schmidt 2008). the application
ptl
puts moderate requirements on the
hts
-material (e.g. low magnetic fields) but re- quires quite long unit lengths of the
hts
-wire. the principal advantages of a
ptl
build with
hts
are a higher power density, lower loss (a reduction to 50% compared to a conventional copper-based
ptl
), and a low impedance. a comparison made by sumitomo electric industries (sato 2008) shows that in the case of a 66kv, 3ka
ptl
, based on
hts
, compared to a 275kv, 1000 mm 2 cu-
ptl
, a co 2 reduction of up to 62.6% is possible (manufacturing and operation over 30 years). the co 2 reduction is even more prominent in the case of dc-
ptl
s. but the actual status and competition between 1g-
hts
and 2g-
hts
can be observed very well in the albany
hts
cable project (
figure
6) (weber 2008): the long part (blue) of the
ptl
is made with 1g-
hts
, whereas the shorter part (yellow) is made with 2g-
hts
. page 116 of 122
figure
5. conductor prices for 1g-
hts
and 2g-
hts
over time. a cross-over may be expected in 2012. examples of
hts
applications power transmission line (
ptl
) (epri 2005; lindsay 2004; schmidt 2008). the application
ptl
puts moderate requirements on the
hts
-material (e.g. low magnetic fields) but requires quite long unit lengths of the
hts
-wire. the principal advantages of a
ptl
build with
hts
are a higher power density, lower loss (a reduction to 50% compared to a conventional copper-based
ptl
), and a low impedance. a comparison made by sumitomo electric industries (sato 2008) shows that in the case of a 66kv, 3ka
ptl
, based on
hts
, compared to a 275kv, 1000 mm 2 cu-
ptl
, a co 2 reduction of up to 62.6% is possible (manufacturing and operation over 30 years). the co 2 reduction is even more prominent in the case of dc-
ptl
s. but the actual status and competition between 1g-
hts
and 2g-
hts
can be observed very well in the albany
hts
cable project (
figure
6) (weber 2008): the long part (blue) of the
ptl
is made with 1g-
hts
, whereas the shorter part (yellow) is made with 2g-
hts
.
figure
6. albany
hts
cable project: blue: 1g-
hts
-based cable; yellow: 2g-
hts
-based cable. this 2g-
hts
device was first installed in a live grid. it was connected and tested to the 1g-
hts
- based cable, fully tested in 2007, and energized and successfully operated in 2008 (superpower, sumitomo electric industries). fault current limiter (fcl) (hassenzahl, 2004; neumueller 2008). a fcl is a device which – in this special functionality – can only be realized with 2g-
hts
. in case of a fault current this device will limit the current to a moderate value. this not only allows to design the components of the grid for lower over- currents, but in addition, the fcl will automatically recover after the fault – this is different from conventional circuit breakers which have to be replaced, or at least
figure
.6..albany.
hts
.cable.project:.blue:.1g-
hts
-based.ca- ble;.yellow:.2g-
hts
-based.cable..this.2g-
hts
.device.was.first. installed.in.a.live.grid..it.was.connected.and.tested.to.the.1g-
hts
- based.cable,.fully.tested.in.2007,.and.energized.and.successfully. operated.in.2008.(superpower,.sumitomo.electric.industries). fault current limiter (fcl) (hassenzahl, 2004; neumueller 2008). a fcl is a device which – in this special functional- ity – can only be realized with 2g-
hts
. in case of a fault current this device will limit the current to a
figure-operation-loss-83.html
